What is Birds of Paradise Coral? (Identification and Characteristics)
Scientific Classification
The ocean floor is a treasure trove of biodiversity, and within this realm of life, corals are the bedrock of incredible ecosystems. This coral in particular is a gem of the marine world.
The birds of paradise coral, scientifically known as *Seriatopora hystrix*, is a stunning example of a small-polyp stony (SPS) coral. It’s a member of the Acroporidae family, which is well-known for producing some of the most complex and beautiful corals found in tropical waters. Its delicate, branching structure and vibrant coloration make it a centerpiece in any reef aquarium.
Physical Description
Its appearance is incredibly distinctive. The birds of paradise coral typically exhibits a delicate, twig-like growth pattern, with slender, spiky branches that extend outwards. These branches create a visually appealing, almost fractal-like structure. This unique morphology sets it apart from many other coral species.
Perhaps the most captivating aspect of this particular coral is its color palette. The vivid hues that adorn its branches are a testament to the beauty of nature. Coloration can vary dramatically, influenced by a complex interplay of environmental factors. The coral can display shades of pink, purple, green, blue, and even a blend of colors within the same colony. Its color is very dependent on the lighting in the aquarium. Each individual specimen offers a unique display of color, making each piece a unique work of art.
Distinguishing features
The polyps, which are the individual animals that make up the coral colony, are tiny and generally extend from the tips of the branches. They are responsible for capturing food from the water and providing the coral with energy. These tiny polyps play a crucial role in the coral’s overall health and beauty.
Unlike some other *Seriatopora* species, the birds of paradise coral is relatively less dense. Its branches are finer and more open, creating a more ethereal and elegant appearance. This visual lightness, combined with its diverse color variations, is a significant draw for aquarists. The key identifying features are its fine, spiky branches and the intense colors it can display.
Natural Habitat and Distribution
Geographic Location
To understand the needs of the birds of paradise coral, it’s essential to explore its natural environment. Knowing where this creature thrives in the wild can help aquarists mimic those conditions in their tanks, ensuring optimal health and growth.
The birds of paradise coral is primarily found in the Indo-Pacific region. This broad geographic area encompasses a wide range of tropical and subtropical marine ecosystems, including the waters surrounding Indonesia, the Philippines, the Great Barrier Reef, and other reef systems. Its distribution is vast, but its preference for specific reef environments dictates where you’re most likely to find it.
Reef Environments
Within the Indo-Pacific, the birds of paradise coral commonly inhabits a variety of reef environments. It’s often found in shallow reef crests and slopes, where it benefits from strong water flow and ample sunlight. They can also be found in slightly deeper waters. The specific location of the coral within the reef system will often influence its color and growth patterns.
Water Conditions
The water conditions in its natural habitat are generally consistent. The temperature typically ranges between 72 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit (22 to 28 degrees Celsius). The salinity is stable, ranging around 35 parts per thousand, which is typical for seawater. Water movement is almost always vigorous. This is very important for nutrient delivery and waste removal.
Aquarium Care Guide
Tank Requirements
Replicating the environment of the birds of paradise coral’s natural habitat requires careful attention to several critical factors within the aquarium. Successfully maintaining this coral requires understanding and implementing the right conditions.
The tank itself is the foundation of your reef ecosystem. Although the coral can adapt to various sizes, a larger tank offers more stability in water parameters. Generally, a minimum tank size of at least 50 gallons is recommended, providing sufficient space for both the coral and the other inhabitants. Stability is key.
Water Parameters
Water quality is paramount to the health and vibrancy of your birds of paradise coral. Maintaining optimal water parameters is crucial for its survival and flourishing. Key parameters include temperature, salinity, pH, and the levels of various chemicals.
Temperature should be maintained consistently between 74 and 78 degrees Fahrenheit (23 to 26 degrees Celsius). Salinity should be kept at around 35 parts per thousand, with a specific gravity of 1.025. The pH level should be stable between 8.1 and 8.4.
In addition to these core parameters, the levels of other chemicals in the water are very important. Alkalinity should be maintained between 8 and 11 dKH (degrees of carbonate hardness). Calcium levels should range from 380 to 450 parts per million (ppm). Magnesium levels should range from 1250 to 1350 ppm. Maintaining correct levels of these minerals and trace elements is essential for coral growth and coloration.
Lighting
Proper lighting is essential for the birds of paradise coral, as it, like all corals, relies on photosynthesis to produce energy. The intensity, spectrum, and duration of lighting all play a significant role in the coral’s health and color.
Suitable light sources include metal halide lamps, T5 fluorescent tubes, and LED lights. The specific lighting system you choose will depend on the size of your tank, your budget, and your personal preference. LED lights are a popular choice due to their energy efficiency and ability to offer a wide range of customizable light spectrums.
The intensity of lighting is measured in PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation). Generally, the birds of paradise coral thrives under moderate to high PAR levels, typically between 150 and 300 PAR. The duration of the lighting cycle (photoperiod) should be around 10 to 12 hours per day. Careful observation of the coral’s response to the lighting is key.
Water Flow
Water flow is also very crucial for the health of this coral. Strong and turbulent water flow is essential for the birds of paradise coral. This provides nutrients, removes waste products, and improves gas exchange.
Use a combination of powerheads and wavemakers to create a dynamic flow pattern. The flow should be strong enough to prevent detritus from accumulating on the coral, but not so strong that it damages its delicate branches. It should be dynamic, mimicking the currents found in its natural environment.
Placement and Acclimation
Placement is critical. Place the birds of paradise coral high up in the tank, where it can receive ample light and flow. You can also place the coral on a rock or other stable surface, or glue the coral to a frag plug or frag disc. Give the coral plenty of space to grow.
When introducing the birds of paradise coral to your aquarium, acclimation is crucial. Begin by floating the bag containing the coral in the aquarium for about an hour to equalize the temperature. Then, slowly add small amounts of your tank water to the bag over the course of an hour to allow the coral to adjust to the water chemistry. After acclimation, carefully place the coral in its designated spot and observe it closely for any signs of stress.
Feeding
While this coral can obtain some of its nutrients through photosynthesis, supplemental feeding can improve its health and coloration. Offer a variety of foods, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and specially formulated coral foods. Feed the coral a few times a week, following the instructions on the food packaging.
Tank Mates
Choose tank mates that won’t harm the birds of paradise coral. Compatible inhabitants include small, peaceful fish species, such as clownfish, gobies, and firefish. Invertebrates like snails, hermit crabs, and cleaner shrimp can also be beneficial. Always avoid larger, aggressive fish that may nip at or damage the coral.
Common Challenges and Problems
Disease
Even with proper care, the birds of paradise coral can be susceptible to certain challenges. Being aware of potential problems and how to address them is critical for ensuring its well-being.
Disease, like any living organism, is a concern for corals. This coral can be susceptible to various diseases. Brown Jelly Disease is a common threat, resulting in a brown, jelly-like substance that rapidly spreads across the coral’s surface. This disease is often associated with poor water quality and can be fatal. Treatment often involves removing the affected areas and improving water conditions.
Pests
Pests can also pose a threat to the birds of paradise coral. Many pests can hitchhike into the aquarium, causing damage to the coral. Nudibranchs, tiny sea slugs that feed on corals, are a common problem. Flatworms are also a major nuisance. Treatment options vary depending on the specific pest but may include manual removal, dipping the coral in a solution that is safe for the coral, or introducing biological controls, such as certain species of wrasse.
Water Quality Issues
Poor water quality is a frequent cause of stress and problems for the birds of paradise coral. Fluctuations in water parameters, elevated levels of nitrates or phosphates, and inadequate water changes can all negatively impact the coral’s health. Regular water testing and consistent water changes are essential for maintaining optimal water quality.
Other Issues
Bleaching, the paling or complete loss of color in the coral, is a common sign of stress. It often occurs due to high water temperatures, sudden changes in water chemistry, or inadequate lighting. Tissue necrosis, the death of coral tissue, can also occur. Both bleaching and tissue necrosis require immediate attention to address the underlying causes and save the coral.
Propagation
Methods
Replicating the beauty of the birds of paradise coral is possible, often through propagation. It allows you to increase the number of corals in your tank and share your beautiful specimens with others.
The most common method is fragging, which involves taking small cuttings (fragments) of the coral and allowing them to grow into new colonies. A sharp coral cutter or a bone saw is used to carefully remove a fragment from the mother colony. The fragment is then attached to a frag plug or rock.
Once the fragment is attached, it’s placed in a location with suitable water flow and lighting, allowing it to grow and develop into a new colony. Patience is key.
Conclusion
The birds of paradise coral is a true gem of the reef aquarium hobby. Its delicate beauty, striking coloration, and relatively manageable care requirements make it an attractive choice for both beginners and experienced aquarists. By understanding its needs, providing a suitable environment, and being vigilant in monitoring its health, you can cultivate and enjoy the magnificence of this coral in your own home aquarium. Remember, the success of a thriving reef aquarium often comes down to diligent observation and a deep respect for the needs of the creatures within.
The journey of caring for this coral can be incredibly rewarding, bringing a piece of the vibrant coral reefs of the world into your living space. Responsible coral keeping, an understanding of the animal’s needs, and a commitment to maintaining the right environment are all central to its beauty.
Resources
Consulting your local aquarium store.
Books and websites dedicated to reef aquariums.
These resources will allow you to expand your knowledge about the birds of paradise coral and reef aquariums in general. Continued education and careful observation are the keys to success!